What is Task-oriented Training & How to Do - đột quỵ Center
Task-oriented training (TOT) is a popular new công nghệ for chi trên functional phục hồi chức năng after đột quỵ based on kiểm soát vận động and vận động learning. Task-oriented training is a functional task based on the interaction between the individual, the task and the environment. bệnh nhân can actively try to solve problems encountered in functional tasks while adapting to changes in the environment, and help bệnh nhân learn methods to solve target tasks.
Theoretical basis of task-oriented training
TOT is the most representative lâm sàng retraining method based on kiểm soát vận động theory. It focuses on training functional tasks and adaptability to environmental changes. The functions obtained through training must be able to be transformed into the real environment. It is a training method that designs specific tasks or activities based on individual abilities and training goals and guides bệnh nhân to complete these tasks or activities through chủ động attempts to cải thiện vận động skills.
Repeated task-oriented training can affect the adaptability of the central nervous system and thúc đẩy the reorganization of brain functions. Factors that thúc đẩy functional reconstruction include repeated reinforcement, interest, thách thức, social communication, and specific rather than abstract training projects or goals. The goals and tasks set by task-oriented training are concrete rather than abstract. For example, taking the chi trên to pick up an object is a specific task. Completing this action involves visual and tactile input, and the brain judges and integrates information. And the hiệu quả kiểm soát of the system by the nerves, and then through the phản hồi of failure or thành công, the chuyển động pattern is continuously adjusted to form an optimized neural network and chuyển động program, which controls the specific sequence, speed, strength and other mechanical characteristics of the relevant các cơ to complete this specific task. thúc đẩy the development of adaptability, feedforward and coordination abilities. However, if the upper limbs only do flexion and extension or simple extension without specific goals, the information input and integration mentioned above will be lost, and the chuyển động mechanics characteristics will be completely different, turning it into an empty joint activity. Task-oriented training also emphasizes chủ động participation in controlled application and individualized điều trị, mainly focusing on functional training in daily life and repeated reinforcement.
lâm sàng Application of Task-Oriented Training
TOT focuses on helping bệnh nhân acquire the ability to solve problems, and its related theories and methods are increasingly widely used in the phục hồi chức năng điều trị of bệnh nhân with various vận động functions, especially vận động dysfunction caused by central nervous system damage. In the past ten years, many scholars have focused on TOT and continued to explore and optimize applicable groups and lâm sàng phục hồi chức năng programs. Studies have found that TOT combined with mirror liệu pháp can cải thiện bàn tay chức năng vận động in bệnh nhân with unilateral neglect after đột quỵ. Based on conventional training, task-oriented training is supplemented, and mirror liệu pháp is used to activate before each task-oriented training.
Mirror neuron system, task-oriented training applies the learned mirror movements to real-life activities, such as practising pronation and supination of the forearm, flexion and extension of the cổ tay joint, and grasping and relaxing of the bàn tay in a mirror environment. luyện tập grabbing a cylindrical bottle or moving a cup to the perioral area in a real environment. In addition, for bệnh nhân with chi trên and bàn tay dysfunction after đột quỵ, transcranial direct current stimulation combined with task-oriented training can be used to help bệnh nhân complete common các hoạt động hàng ngày such as reaching for objects, grabbing and placing water cups, and completing drinking water.
The kết quả show that a combined program of task-oriented training can giảm cơ tone and thúc đẩy chức năng vận động phục hồi in đột quỵ bệnh nhân. It was found through resting-state magnetic resonance studies that the above combined program including task-oriented training had a significant impact on resting-state spontaneous brain activity. The underlying neural mechanism for promoting the phục hồi of chức năng vận động in đột quỵ bệnh nhân may be related to the ALFF in the anterior cerebellar lobe. nâng cao relevance. The TOT program combined with vận động imagery refers to task-oriented training that is performed immediately after the bệnh nhân completes the vận động imagination. The vận động movements in the imagined environment are applied to actual activities, such as eating chuyển động exercises of the upper limbs. nghiên cứu kết quả prove that this program can giảm the risk of đột quỵ. The functional connection between the MI area and the SMA area on both sides of the bệnh nhân was enhanced, which promoted the normalization of cerebral cortical remodelling in đột quỵ bệnh nhân. The DTI analysis kết quả showed that the FA value of the affected hemisphere in đột quỵ bệnh nhân increased, which also suggested that this program promoted the myelination of myelinated fibres. The reshaping of elements. In terms of chi dưới function, transcutaneous acupoint kích thích điện combined with task-oriented training can significantly cải thiện the chi dưới chức năng vận động and walking ability of bệnh nhân with hemiplegia after subacute đột quỵ and nâng cao their ankle joint kiểm soát.
In summary, task-oriented training can cải thiện the functional impairment of đột quỵ bệnh nhân, tăng cường their các hoạt động hàng ngày, and cải thiện their chất lượng cuộc sống. It is worthy of further nghiên cứu and promotion.
You can also conduct task-oriented training with Syrebo bàn tay robot phục hồi chức năng. How to do? Check out our phục hồi chức năng class to learn more